State v. Martin

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IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF KANSAS

No. 104,899

STATE OF KANSAS,
Appellee,

v.

FREDERICK MARTIN,
Appellant.


SYLLABUS BY THE COURT

1.
If no substantial issues of law or fact are raised in a motion to correct an allegedly
illegal sentence, the district court may summarily deny the motion.

2.
The doctrine of res judicata applies to motions to correct an illegal sentence filed
pursuant to K.S.A. 22-3504(1). Such motions cannot be used as a vehicle to breathe new
life into appellate issues previously determined adversely to the movant.

Appeal from Wyandotte District Court; JOHN J. MCNALLY, judge. Opinion filed June 29, 2012.
Affirmed.

Debera A. Erickson, of Kansas City, and Frederick Martin, pro se, were on the briefs for
appellant.

Jerome A. Gorman, district attorney, and Derek Schmidt, attorney general, were on the brief for
appellee.

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The opinion of the court was delivered by

BILES, J.: Frederick Martin directly appeals from the district court's summary
denial of his pro se motion to correct an illegal sentence. He was convicted in 1986 of
felony murder, aggravated kidnapping, and an unlawful weapons violation, and sentenced
to two consecutive life sentences and a concurrent 3- to 10-year sentence on the weapons
conviction. His motion alleges the district court imposed cumulative punishments for the
felony murder and aggravated kidnapping convictions because both arose from the same
act of violence. We affirm the district court's summary denial of his motion because
Martin has unsuccessfully argued the identical issue previously.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

Martin's convictions were affirmed on direct appeal in State v. Martin, 241 Kan.
732, 740 P.2d 577 (1987). One of the issues Martin raised was whether he was subjected
to double jeopardy when he was prosecuted for both felony murder and the underlying
felony of aggravated kidnapping. Martin claimed he could not be prosecuted for both.
This court rejected that claim, citing its earlier decision in State v. Crump, 232 Kan. 265,
Syl. ¶ 4, 654 P.2d 922 (1982), in which a similar argument was addressed and denied.
Martin, 241 Kan. at 741.

Martin filed numerous subsequent appeals and motions. Notably, Martin raised the
exact issue he raises in his current motion before the United States Court of Appeals for
the Tenth Circuit in Martin v. Roberts, No. 91-3028, 1992 WL 120195 (10th Cir. 1992)
(unpublished opinion) (affirming Martin v. Roberts, No. 87-3273, 1991 WL 3134 [D.
Kan. 1991] [unpublished opinion]). The Tenth Circuit treated Martin's attack on his
sentence the same as his earlier attack on his convictions in his direct appeal. It noted the
Kansas statute providing for multiple prosecutions carries with it multiple sentences,
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which in the court's view meant consecutive sentences. Martin, 1992 WL 120195, at *5
(citing K.S.A. 21-3107).

In 1994, Martin filed a motion in Wyandotte County District Court claiming his
sentence was illegal because the convictions were multiplicitous. The district court
summarily denied that motion because it was a challenge Martin had raised previously in
both state and federal court. In 1995, the district court denied another of Martin's motions
to correct an illegal sentence, holding that the issue was previously determined against
him in prior proceedings.

In 2001, Martin filed a K.S.A. 60-1507 motion, again raising this exact issue.
Martin v. State, No. 91,503, 2004 WL 2848881 (Kan. App. 2004) (unpublished opinion),
rev. denied 279 Kan. 1007 (2005). The Kansas Court of Appeals denied his argument
based on its finding the issue had been raised and rejected in his 1987 direct appeal. The
court also referenced a 2001 motion to correct illegal sentence Martin filed alleging the
same errors, which the district court also denied. 2004 WL 2848881, at *1. The court
further said that even if Martin had not been precluded from raising the issue, his claim
was meritless. 2004 WL 2848881, at *1 (citing State v. Ramos, 271 Kan. 520, 24 P.3d 95
[2001]) (consecutive sentences proper because felony murder did not merge with
underlying felony of criminal discharge of a firearm).

In 2005, Martin filed yet another motion to correct an illegal sentence raising the
same issue. The district court summarily denied that motion because the identical issue
was raised and rejected on direct review as well as in K.S.A. 60-1507 motions. Later in
2005 and again in 2007, Martin filed two more motions to correct an illegal sentence
raising the exact issue, but the record does not contain a ruling from the district court on
either motion.

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Martin filed the current motion to correct an illegal sentence, under K.S.A. 22-
3504 claiming the district court imposed "cumulative punishments" for felony murder
and aggravated kidnapping based on the same act of violence. He contends this was
contrary to the statute in effect at the time the offense was committed. The State responds
by noting that Martin had previously raised the issue. The district court summarily denied
Martin's motion as having been previously determined. Martin filed a timely notice of
appeal. This court has jurisdiction under K.S.A. 22-3601(b)(1) (appeal from life
sentence).

ANALYSIS

This court reviews de novo the district court's summary denial of a motion to
correct an illegal sentence because it has before it the same motion, record, and files as
the district court. State v. Jones, 292 Kan. 910, 913, 257 P.3d 268 (2011).

Martin claims the district court erred in denying his motion to correct an illegal
sentence because it did not hold a hearing in which Martin had the benefit of counsel. He
is mistaken. After preliminary review, a district court may dismiss a motion to correct
illegal sentence without a hearing or appointment of counsel—if the district court
determines the motion, files, and records conclusively show the defendant is not entitled
to relief. Jones, 292 Kan. at 913.

We hold that no new issues of law or fact were raised in Martin's motion. See
State v. England, 45 Kan. App. 2d 33, Syl. ¶ 2, 245 P.3d 1076 (2010) (if motion to
correct illegal sentence raises no substantial issues of law or fact, it may be summarily
denied). Martin's underlying argument is barred by res judicata, which applies when
issues were previously raised and decided on the merits, or could have been presented but
were not. See State v. Conley, 287 Kan. 696, 698, 197 P.3d 837 (2008) (citing State v.
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Neer, 247 Kan. 137, Syl. ¶ 2, 795 P.2d 362 [1990]). Res judicata consists of four
elements: "(1) same claim; (2) same parties; (3) claims were or could have been raised;
and (4) a final judgment on the merits." Winston v. Kansas Dept. of SRS, 274 Kan. 396,
413, 49 P.3d 1274, cert. denied 537 U.S. 1088 (2002). A motion to correct an illegal
sentence cannot be used as a vehicle to "breathe new life" into an appellate issue
previously determined against the defendant. Conley, 287 Kan. at 698 (finding res
judicata applies to K.S.A. 21-3504 motion to correct illegal sentence).

The identical issue in the present appeal was raised previously at least six times—
once in a K.S.A. 60-1507 motion and in five motions to correct an illegal sentence, two
of which were categorically denied by the district court as having been resolved by
Martin's 1987 direct appeal. Martin's current claim is barred by the doctrine of res
judicata.

Affirmed.